koshi tappu

Located on the flood plain of the Koshi River in the eastern Terai of Nepal, the Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve (175 sq km) is home to around 441 species of birds, 30 shore birds, 114 water birds, 20 ducks and 2 ibises.  The endangered swamp partridge and Bengal florican are also found here.  The Koshi Barrage is an extremely important resting-place for migratory birds numbering to 87 winter visitors. 

The Koshi river which forms the major landmark of the reserve is home to 80 fish species.  The endangered Gharial crocodile and Gangetic dolphin have been recorded in the river.  The last surviving population of wild buffalo or arna in Nepal is found here.  Its number at present is estimated to be 150.  The reserve is a habitat of 20 other animal species such as hog deer, spotted deer, wild boar, blue bull and rock python.

The vegetation mainly includes tall khar-pater grasslands with a few patches of khair-sissoo scrub forest and deciduous mixed riverine forest. 

During the monsoon, the reserve is flooded with depths ranging from 10 to 300 cm. From season to season the Koshi River changes its course.  The Koshi river also know as the Sapta Koshi meaning seven great rivers collects waters from the glaciers, glacial lakes, and the monsoon rains.  Embankments are constructed parallel to the river to check flooding in the surrounding villages.  Sunsets over the river are phenomenal.  On clear days, views of the Himalayan peaks including the Mt Makalu add beauties to the landscape.

Recognizing its global significance, the Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve has been recognized as the Ramsar Site in 1987.  The reserve was gazette notified in 1976.

Bird watching along the eastern embankment at dusk and dawn is one of the most exciting pleasure trips in the reserve.  The Arnas with their huge horns are equally impressive to look at.  Elephant ride, nature walk, driving along the embankment and strolling around the villages are interesting activities.